Persuasion and Rhetorical Tools Used by Successful Public Orators

Question: Persuasion in rhetoric has been perceived as an art that involves linguistic tools and stylistic eloquence. Discuss the strategies of persuasion and the rhetorical tools that are used by successful public orators, and then apply the identified tools to a selected speech extract of 200 words to show their effectiveness.? Answer: Strategies of Persuasion and Rhetorical Tools Used by Successful Public Orators There isnt much that can be achieved in the world without communication as it forms the basic foundation that governs the public and personal spheres amongst helping in mitigation of ideologies, believes and logic as well. However, communication exists in many forms far from the informal and formal set up. It exists in all sorts of environment and ultimately influences decision making. Its therefore important to understand the most effective means of communication, with persuasion happening to be one of them. The art of mitigating, controlling and altering a believe, a remark or questionable word, phrase or statement to suit the speaker has and is still being used to date, to favor speakers in attaining their goals. Similarly, the art of delivering the said persuasion is also considered quite important as it largely influences, the audiences attitude and behavior towards the spoken or written words, phrases or statements. Being that its important for people to arrive at a common agreement in order for development to be actualized and realized, its therefore important to understand persuasion. Words, phrases have to be structured, arranged and delivered in a certain manner for them to deliver the message or thoughts as desired, and communicate in the expected manner. This is referred to as persuasion strategies. How factual and idealistic these thoughts may be is always a swaying reality existing in the form of persuasion (Burg, 2011). How the message is delivered and through which form of delivery matters in determining the following cause of action. While the Greeks (Socrates) in ancient time found persuasion and rhetoric as a form of deceit especially in the delivery of justice, Romans disagreed (Rhys Roberts, 2008). They found the idea as a different form of well-constructed arguments that aided the final decision and helped the hearers judge the messages effectively (Ackrill, 1997). In every cause of life from one form of existence (family, tribe, nation amongst other groups) to the next, every communication holds some sort of persuasion, being that human beings are social animals. One of the strategies is contrasting persuasion. This mostly occurs in a public sphere where there is competition for certain gains. Here, the audience is given the freedom of will and choice after presentation of information. It may be presented respectively or otherwise. In an optimistic manner, the speaker presents his or her information in humility and respect of the audience, while risking being viewed as a smug and a nave person by the opposers and fellow proponents. On the other hand, the speaker can completely disregard the opinion of the audience and make his or her remarks in a rather proud, disrespectful and pessimistic way. This is mostly seen in political scenes where a speaker chooses to view the audience as rather ignorant and therefore finds his or her remarks necessar y and much deserved in changing certain ideologies or opinions (German, 2010). For persuasion to have an attachment to the targeted audience it can be presented in three forms or categories. Logos, Pathos or Ethos. Logos is the persuasion to an agreement using proved facts whereas pathos is the appeal to an audience based on emotional appeal. Ethos is the appeal to an audience using good reputation and a credible work ethic (Ackrill, 1997). The three can apply in different fields of life such as judicial systems, charitable works, sales, and marketing respectively. The three categories tend to be effective with the use of paralanguage which may exist in many forms of color, sounds, body language, tears, smiles and raised voices amongst many others. The balance between, arrangement, innovation and presentation determine the efficiency of a word, phrase or statement, used in a verbal or written statement (Zimmer, 2017). In as much as persuasion exists in language, accompanying sounds and body movements otherwise known as paralanguage, also create emphasis on persuasion in the form of message delivery (Atkinson, 1984). Persuasion begins right at childbirth where the child expresses the need for different things involuntarily and invokes change in behavior and attitude. As he or she grows up, the expression of attention becomes more of a voluntary strategy and every action is done in order to manipulate, control or persuade. Paralanguage is used as a style of persuasion delivery (rhetoric) and is therefore regarded as a rhetorical tool (German, 2010). Rhetorical tools enable right choices from words, phrases, images, icons, colors, organizational structures and tones, which assists in pulling the audience closer to the speakers. Their ease of use depend on the message and the audience receiving it. This is often regarded to as availability of means. It can be word choices, grammatical sentence structure, organization of content, use of punctuation, constancy, color schemes and format of the document amongst others. These affect the tone of the message, which directly affects the confidence of the speaker (Ackrill, 1997). Some of the rhetorical tools or devices used in persuasion include invention. Its the creation of an idea brought about by a communication problem on most occasions. It can be used in advertisement and public relations amongst others like in the pitching of ideas to investors. Another common tool used is arrangement. Its important to organize information in such a way that there is ease transference of information, to the audience. Therefore, punctuation is an important aspect of setting tone to a speech (Atkinson, 1984). Another important tool is style. It reflects the speakers personality and also the audiences perception of a message. Rhetorical tools can be presented in various useful yet different styles among them being rhetorical questions. These are described as the questions that need no answer from an audience as the speaker asks and answers his or her own questions. This is used to draw the audiences attention to the subject of discussion and before they can draw in opinions on the matter, the speaker answers the question so as not to have his or message deterred (German, 2010). Voluntary strategic expression of persuasion diversifies, from infancy to different cultures and language setups, among them being intimate set-ups, social gatherings, political rallies, advertisements amongst other public relations in a bid to change the behavior and attitude of the hearers. These environments require more tools tailored to suit a certain audience. Some of them include rhetorical triplets, which are used so as to draw a climax to a speech. Rhetorical triplets being the use of repetitive words at the beginning of three consecutive sentences, highlights on a subject, a word of meaning, or a phrase that is critical to the message delivered. In some situation especially in advertising where there is need to constantly remind the audience of a message severally, wholesale repetition is used. This is the art of constant reputation of messages and images, so as not to have the audience forget about the intended message. Its important that the speaker remembers his or her speech so as to avoid reciting the message to an audience as that can spoil the audiences perception of the message and the speakers credibility as well. Not as many people are interested in lifeless speeches that sound like manuals. A good speech is enabled by good research and passion in the subject of discussion. Lastly, delivery is dire in every communication as it leaves a lasting impression of the speakers and dictates, the grandness or plainness of a message (Zimmer, 2017). Another form of persuasion is the self-presentation persuasion. Its often referred to as contemporary persuasion. This is a strategy mostly used in public relations so as to create favor for employers to both their employees and consumers. It dwells on the economy of an organization and also public policy-making, and thus information is creatively formatted, so as to reach to the target audience and the facts can, therefore, be rather unclear and lacking logic. They hold no room for audience response or arguments, and the focus is placed solely on the holders of information (Burg, 2011). Synthetic personalization is also used to create an environment of false friendliness so as to pull an audience closer to the speaker. This style is also used in public relations, both in a public and personal environment. With the use of paralanguage like properly timed smiles, tears and proper arrangement of words in a conversation, the audience can be persuaded to agree to a presented ideology or opinion. Its of importance to note that in as much as persuasion seems to be in much need in a public environment, its also so from a personal sphere as well. However, the types of dialogue used are quite different. In a personal environment, the dialogue tends to be intimate, informal and of dialogic nature. A public environment tends to hold a planned, formal and monologic conversation. More to these, other important strategies of persuasion include a speakers competency to the topic of discussion and his or her dynamism in the expression of the topic. This can be achieved by incorporating different rhetorical tools such as charisma. There is also a lot of time, expertise, and energy invested into the speeches (Rhys Roberts, 2008). Persuasion has always been a subject of contention since ancient times. It has been a subject of great division as it crosses both legal and social norms. However, it is undeniably present in every conservation, be it public, intimate, formal or informal. Its used for different intentions and its effectiveness can only be dictated by the strategies adopted, the styles incorporated and the method of delivery. Therefore, the skillfulness, correctness, clarity, quality eloquence, preparedness, ornateness and the grandness or plainness of a message, can determine the perception to which the message is received by the audience. Speech About The State Of The Environment Its funny that as I woke up today in the morning, the thought of how beautiful the sunrise is crossed my mind. Truth is, I have seen the sunrise before but I just never looked at it like I did today. It got me thinking of just how cool nature really is. There is the sun, moon, stars, rain, snow and all these other beauties to behold. We are a beauty. The animals are also a beauty as well. We wake up thriving to make our careers beautiful so that others and ourselves may like our ideas and want to give them a chance. We try to make our children a beauty so that they can grow up and spread their beauty to the world as well. We try to make everything around us a beauty, so as to keep staring at it, that we never have to tire of the world as we grow old besides our loved ones. Truth is, all we have ever done, do or are going to do is an attempt to create beauty that lasts long enough for the current and future generation. So lets not tire now. Lets not tire of cleaning the streets. Lets not tire to plant more trees where some have fallen and lets not tire to invest heavily on green energy. Lets not tire of reducing plastic garbage and toxic chemicals in a bid to reduce the carbon footprint and lets not tire of creating beauty for we all need it now and in the future. We are a beauty and so is the world we live in. Understand it, admire it and never forget to protect it. We owe it to Mother Nature to preserve her beauty just as she preserves ours, through life and nourishment. References Ackrill, J., 1997. Essays on Plato and Aristotle. 1st ed. USA: Oxford University Press. Atkinson, M., 1984. Our Masters' Voices. 1st (October 19,1984) ed. london: Routledge. Burg, B., 2011. The Art of Persuasion. 1st ed. Shippensburg, PA: Sound Wisdom. German, K., 2010. Principles of Public Speaking. 17th ed. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Rhys Roberts, W., 2008. Aristostle the Art of Persuasion. 1st ed. New Jersey: Megaphone e-books. Zimmer, J., 2017. Spice Up Your Speeches with These 3 Rhetorical Devices. Presentation Guru, 1(Built Real Impact), p. 1.

Weimar Was a Sick Economy free essay sample

To what extent do you agree with this statement? The Weimar Republic was a period in German history which occurred between 1919 and 1933 which was when the government was a democratic republic governed by a constitution. The end of the Weimar Republic occurred when Adolf Hitler took control. Under the Weimar constitution, Germany was divided into 19 different states. Many people had equal rights, because all citizens had the right to vote for members of the Reichstag of for the German Parliament and for their president. The president’s job was to appoint a chancellor. Many historians will agree that the Weimar Republic was a brilliant idea and on paper because it was considered a true democracy. However, even from the beginning many Germans were unsure of the government and many extremists on the left and right rejected the Weimar Republics authority. This did not give it much effect. Even though the government was a group of numerous political parties, it was despised by all sides which made it hard to enforce authority on them. We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Was a Sick Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Weimar republic bought many great things to Germany, but also caused great problems for Germany. It can be considered a ‘sick economy’ which was unable to carry out redistribution of wealth and resources to a great extent. During the time of the Weimar republic, unemployment was a huge problem that needed to be fixed. After World War One occurred, Germany had to repay huge debts to many countries. The government had no money and the currency was losing its value. The treaty of Versailles was to blame for Germany’s loss of its territories. These territories had valuable resources that could have helped Germany to repay its debts but because they were taken away it caused great suffering among the nation. Much of Germany’s population was undernourished and it contained many war veterans, orphans, and widows. The Weimar Republic struggled to deal with these crises. Also they were unable to pay the French reparations which were a huge problem they encountered. The French invaded and occupied the Ruhr to assure that repayments of reparations would be completed. They were unable to defend their territory and this showed that they were weak. The occupation of the Ruhr caused terrible inflation of the currency. The German government encouraged the workers in the Ruhr to strike against the French and they did. However, the strike was costly to the government. They also had to pay reparations to other countries so the government started printing more paper money. This meant that their money had no value what so ever. Also, there were not products being purchased by any people which also contributed to inflation. Due to the value of the German mark people could not afford to live and the standard of living was very low. The French were angered by the strike and killed 100 workers. Many businesses went bankrupt and many peoples saving were wiped out. Hitler did a Munich Putsch and seized power from the Weimar Republic. New York Stock exchange took place in Germany under Stresemann’s’ rule. Stresemann had temporarily made strong political and economic nations. But all of Stresemann’s political stability was bought at a price. The price was the subject of Germany to Western financiers and more especially to New York Stock Exchange buisnesses. Germany was humiliated by foreign creditors because it was under constant supervision and this resulted in financial slavery. Another problem that Germany encountered was that its fate depended on American prosperity. Germany’s ability to pay their reparations depended on its acquirement of foreign loans. So if Germany was to stop payment at any point, its international credit would collapse; and with it the whole political system which Stresemann had built up. On the 24th of October (called â€Å"Black Thursday†) there was panic selling on the New York stock exchange reacting to the business crisis that was taking place in America. Thus when the stock market collapsed on Wall Street on Tuesday 29 October 1929 (Black Tuesday) it resulted in disastrous effects for many financial markets. The German economy was especially vulnerable because its economy was built of mainly foreign capital which was generally loans from the United States of America and it was very dependent on foreign trade. When the USA asked for its loan repayments from Germany the world market for Germany exports ceased. As production levels fell, many German workers were let go from their jobs. There were approximately two and a half million people unemployed within Germany at this time. Along with this banks were unable to keep up with the money that they were losing and savings accounts were wiped out. Inflation followed which ruined the lives of many Germans and destroyed the economy. In conclusion, I agree with the statement to a great extent that Weimar was a ‘sick economy’ unable to carry out redistribution of wealth and resources. This is because unemployment, occupation of the Ruhr, the New York Stock exchange and hyperinflation caused the economy to suffer greatly. Stresemann should have created a long term solution instead of a short term one because depending on other countries was just creating a temporary stable economy not an economy that could produce for its people for the future.

Powerful Speaking Essay Topics

Powerful Speaking Essay TopicsSo you want to get into the first class of college and have a successful speech essay in the third year? This article will help you get started by going over some of the most persuasive speech essay topics.One persuasive speech topic is personal goals. What do you want to do for yourself? A thesis statement is one of the most powerful words you can use to communicate this, so make sure you use it wisely.The goal is to apply this to your life. Make sure you really do want to pursue it and can be motivated to make the commitment. People who have all the goal and can't seem to work towards them often end up not doing anything with their lives because they lack the motivation.Use this to your advantage and show how the change you're trying to make for yourself is necessary and feasible. This is a powerful example that shows what you're trying to say and how the personal change you're trying to achieve will benefit everyone. Show how it will help your family, yourself, and your classmates.People think they need a lot of things before they succeed, and then they use these positive examples to motivate themselves. A theme can be used for this and talk about what they need and how you've been able to help them. This is a powerful demonstration of why you are a good person to help your classmates.Motivational speeches are highly effective when people believe in what they're getting. Most people want to please others and this motivates them. Tell them what you've done, or what you're doing right now, to help other people and they'll see that this is what you can do.These are just some of the topics you can use when giving such speeches. Don't overlook this as you want to make the speech so powerful you leave the audience breathless.

Pink Floyd The First Band In Outer Space Essays -

Pink Floyd: The First Band In Outer Space For many people, the group Pink Floyd is considered as un-popular, aged, and without any sense in today's modern society. It's so unfortunate that true rock and roll music is being left behind for the new head-splitting garbage that infests the airwaves today. The newest generation is unaware of the history behind all the music they listen to now. Where did it all begin? Who first wandered into the realms of psychedelic music to create a style and a culture that would last for decades, and never be copied? The answer of course is Pink Floyd Pink Floyd was the first band in outer space. Since the mid-'60s, their music has relentlessly tinkered with electronics and all manner of special effects to push pop formats to their outer limits. At the same time they have wrestled with lyrical themes and concepts of such massive scale that their music has taken on almost classical, operatic quality, in both sound and words. While Pink Floyd is mostly known for their extravagant concept albums of the 1970s, they started as a very different sort of psychedelic band. Soon after they first began playing together in the mid-'60s, they fell firmly under the leadership of lead guitarist Syd Barrett, the gifted genius who would write and sing most of their early material. The Cambridge native shared the stage with Roger Waters (bass), Rick Wright (keyboards), and Nick Mason (drums). The name Pink Floyd, seemingly so far-out, was actually derived from the first names of two ancient bluesmen (Pink Anderson and Floyd Council). And at first, Pink Floyd were a much more conventional act that the act into which they would evolve, concentrating on the rock and R&B material that were so common to the repertoires of mid-'60s British bands. Pink Floyd quickly began to experiment, however, stretching out songs with wild instrumental freak-out passages incorporating feedback, electronic screeches, and unusual, eerie sounds created by loud amplification, reverb, and such tricks as sliding ball bearings up and down guitar strings. In 1966, they began to pick up a following in the London underground; onstage, they began to incorporate light shows to add to the psychedelic effect. Most importantly, Syd Barrett began to compose pop-psychedelic gems that combined unusual psychedelic arrangements with catchy melodies and incisive lyrics that viewed the world with a sense of poetic, child-like wonder. The group landed a recording contract with EMI in early 1967 and made the Top 20 with a brilliant debut single, Arnold Layne, a sympathetic, comic song about a transvestite. The follow-up, the kaleidoscopic See Emily Play, made the Top Ten. Their debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, also released in 1967, may have been the greatest British psychedelic album ever. Dominated almost wholly by Barrett's songs, the album was a charming funhouse of driving, mysterious rockers, odd character sketches, childhood flashbacks, and freaky pieces with lengthy instrumental passages that mapped out their fascination with space travel. The record was not only like no other at the time; it was like no other that Pink Floyd would make, colored as it was by a vision that was far more humorous, pop-friendly, and light-hearted than those of their subsequent epics. The reason Pink Floyd never made a similar album was that Piper was the only one to be recorded under Barrett's leadership. Around mid-1967, the prodigy began showing increasingly alarm signs of mental instability. Syd would go catatonic onstage; playing music that had little to do with the material, or not playing at all. An American tour had to be cut short when he was barely able to function at all, let alone play the pop star game. Dependent upon Barrett for most of their vision and material, the rest of the group was finding him impossible to work with, in concert or in the studio. Around the beginning of 1968, guitarist Dave Gilmour, a friend of the band who was also from Cambridge, was brought in as a fifth member. The idea was that Gilmour would enable the Floyd to continue as a live outfit; Barrett would still be able to write and contribute to the records. That couldn't work

The Biggest Mistake Youll Ever Make as a Childrens Author

The Biggest Mistake Youll Ever Make as a Childrens Author Every so often, a friend will hand me a childrens book manuscript and ask if I would review it and offer an honest opinion. Im always delighted to do so, but, over the years, Ive discovered that almost every one of those potential book projects suffers from a critical and quite frequent mistake. When I ask them about it, they will often hang their head and sheepishly admit that, yes, they are guilty of breaking this rule: If you are going to be a successful childrens author, you MUST read childrens books on a regular basis! Interestingly, many novice writers think that just because theyve raised some children or read a book to their grandchildren, they are ready to write their own childrens book. Unfortunately, that alone does not adequately prepare one for writing juvenile literature. Prospective authors need to soak themselves in the culture of childrens literature, regularly! They need to know the language, the themes, the concepts, the tenor, and the presentation of childrens literature. And, the ONLY way to do that is to read childrens books on a regular basisevery dayevery weekevery month. If you are not reading childrens books, then you are putting yourself at a severe disadvantage in the marketplace. The books you read as a child are not the same books kids read today. Todays books have a certain flavor, spark, and presentation. You need to experience that unique culture if you are to write equally compelling and engaging books. Reading current childrens literature on a regular basis has enormous benefits for you as a beginning childrens author. Â  Here are a few: 1) Introduces you to a wide range of authorial styles. If you want to get a sense of what good writing is all about, you need to sample many different kinds of writing the good, the bad (and the ugly). In so doing, you are getting a full picture of what writers can do (or, what they are unable to do) in terms of characters, conflicts, and settings. 2) Shows you language patterns that resonate with readers. When you read the stories and books of other authors, you can get a sense of the language appropriate for different age groups. Youll also immerse yourself in the semantics and syntax of different genres. 3) Gives you the opportunity to compare good stories with bad stories. To know good books you need to experience bad ones. The bad books give you a frame of reference necessary to your compositional efforts. That diversity is essential to your writing success. 4) Allows you to see how different authors handle similar themes. If you want to write childrens books you have to read childrens books! One without the other is like vacationing in Maui without going to the beach. Its only half-done! Read, and keep reading, lots of childrens books. and you will notice a decided improvement in your own ability to craft stories for a new generation of readers.

Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Public Health - Essay Example There is no country in the world, which has a perfect system (Barker, 2009, p. 89). The American health care system has a decentralized system of financing and ownership. Currently, it is seeking to reform its financing and delivery system. In order to accomplish its reforms, it needs a concerted effort from the federal government along with considerable help from the private health care sector (Burns, 2014, p. 8). Financing health care is a tension among the ethics and values we place on human life. The implication is that the health care system would fail if completely governed by market forces, even though the health care system exists within a general market economy. At some level, health care competes for resources with production of food, production of movies and construction of homes and other numerous goods and services consumed by over 300 million people in a nation (Jonas, Goldsteen, Goldsteen & Jonas, 2013, p. 142). The public financing for the American health care system comes from the state, local and the federal government. Public funding is accountable for more than half of the health care spending. It covers over 27 percent of the U.S population. This percentage includes the aged population, the disabled, the poor, war veterans, children, government employees and Native Americans (Smith, Wertheimer & Fincham, 2013, p. 23). The centre for Medicare and Medicaid compiles the national health expenditure estimating the annual health spending of the entire U.S population. This is done using source of funding for those services (Sundararaman, 2009, p. 8). Medicare financing comes from general revenues, beneficiary premiums and the payroll tax contributions. Medicaid is a partnership between the federal government and the state government to provide health benefits to the disabled and low-income persons. Apart from the Medicare and Medicaid, the U.S government also finances other

The smoking bans on university and college campuses Research Paper

The smoking bans on university and college campuses - Research Paper Example While these smoking bans are beneficial to smokers, the bans are primarily being undergone to protect the rights and ensure the health of those exposed to secondhand smoke. Many smokers fight for their rights to smoke in public with the argument that â€Å"smokers and nonsmokers alike have to learn to share their space† (Smith, 2012). However, this stance is riddled with holes, the largest being that, by being forced to share space, people who choose not to smoke are still being subjected to the toxins that smokers insist on. Nonsmokers are not given the opportunity to be in public smoke-free environments because the smoke does not stay in one place but wafts in all directions, leaving nonsmokers with very little choice in the way of clean air. As such, these smoking bans on university campuses, and in other public locations, seek to protect the rights, and the health, of nonsmokers (Fortin, 2007). They are being put in harm’s way when someone else decides to light up a cigarette, a choice that nonsmokers seldom have a say in. These bans will give nonsmokers the protection that their health requires. Similarly, â€Å"comprehensive smoking bans can reduce secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers† (CDC, 2007). Secondhand smoke has proven to be more dangerous than the smoke inhaled through a cigarette. This is due to the fact that filters in cigarettes remove the most deadly toxins as smokers inhale, thereby allowing them to not inhale all of the toxins. Those exposed to secondhand smoke do not get the benefit of the filters, and are left to to wade through the harsh smoke, toxins and all. These proposed and active smoking bans protect employees and students from exposure to secondhand smoke on college campuses (ANR, 2012). While smokers are inhaling dangerous toxins themselves, they are leaving behind something much deadlier for those who have made an active decision not to smoke. Essentially, nonsmokers are being punished for the choices made by smokers,